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9月30日

“We learn to read by reading.”

Research has confirmed that extensive reading is beneficial to the learners in terms of increasing print exposure (West and Stanovich; 1989), writing ability (Tsang: 1996), receptive and productive skills (Elley and Mangubhai: 1983) and vocabulary acquisition (though numbers vary widely; see Krashen 1993; Horst 1998). Extensive reading is reading a lot. It is also reading for pleasure. Extensive reading should be at a comfortable “easy” level for the student and the main goal is to read. They should not be reaching for a dictionary every sentence or even every paragraph. The goal is to create fluency and enjoyment in the reading process. Finally, extensive reading is something that should take place over a sustained period. Studies which have shown very impressive results when students have devoted a serious amount of time to an extensive reading program. (Elley & Mangubhai: 1981) It is important to be conscious of issues that may arise when encouraging students to read extensively.

 

When a learner’s vocabulary is low, introduction of the vocabulary words is necessary for the reader not to become discouraged. Posting words on a word wall & using active strategies to introduce new vocabulary are a great way to increase students vocabulary.

 

Think Share Pair

  • Select five words from the book.
  • List on the board.
  • Ask each pair to discuss their present understanding of the meaning of the word. Assure them it is all right to guess or to indicate that the word has no meaning for them at this time.
  • Meanings are discussed in whole group.
  • Each pair writes sentence for each of the five words.
  • Each pair joins another pair and shares additional sentence generated.

Poster Session: (Individual or pair activity)

  • Ask student(s) to select or assign to student(s) three vocabulary words.
  • Ask each student(s) to complete a poster illustrating the three words. The poster display should be self explanatory depicting the use of the words in an illustration of the appropriate use of the word.

Role Plays: (Small Cooperative Groups)

  • Assign students a set of words.
  • Form small groups
  • Ask each group to prepare a small role play which uses the words assigned.
  • Ex: Burden, Scurry, Culprit ,Detain can be combined into a fun role play.

Whip Around, Pass Option

  • Ask students to complete the tasks in the text.
  • Ask a group of students to take a turn defining one of the vocabulary words.
  • Whip around the circle or around the group giving each student a word.
  • It should be shared with the students that a pass is a respected option.

Index Matching Cards

  • On separate index cards list the words that have been assigned or studied.
  • On separate cards, write the definitions.
  • Mix and cards and shuffle them several times.
  • Hand out one card to each student and explain that this is a matching exercise. Some students have the vocabulary words and some students have the definitions.
  • Ask students to find their matching card.
  • When a match is formed, ask the matching students to find seats together.

Numbered Heads Together

  • Students number off 1 through 4.
  • Teacher distributes 10 words to each group.
  • Students put their heads together to agree upon and write a definition for each word.
  • Teacher calls a number and asks that group to define one of the words assigned.
  • Teacher rotates around the group until all words have been defined.

Creating Personal Vocabulary Cartoon Books

Students can be asked to develop their own vocabulary booklets. Students can select words from varied sources (social students, language arts, math, science, etc.) and develop their own cartoon and/or illustrations for the words as well as a definition. This strategy can respond to the need for differentiation of curriculum and instruction as students can be asked to pick their own words or other words of interest to them in their various content areas.
 

If reading is not valued in the learner’s own culture, if they don’t have they skills to read in their own language, or if they simply don’t enjoy reading, then these are major problems which are going to affect the success of the students. Ray Williams (1986) ‘Top ten’ principles for teaching reading is that “In the absence of interesting texts, very little is possible.” In saying that, just buying books is not enough either. The books should be attractive, interesting, within the learners capabilities, displayed prominently, and discussed. Some students, especially those who feel as though time spent on reading is ‘doing nothing’, will also need some outcome-based reasons for participating actively. In order for students to value reading, and commit their personal time to reading, they must see that the teacher is willing to commit their class time to it.

 

Using expository texts is a way to read across the curriculum, increase reading time in the classroom and enhances thinking skill.   Expository texts include biographies, essays, how-to books, encyclopedias, reference books, experimental books, scientific reports, newspaper articles, and so on (Reutzel & Cooter, 2007).  Expository texts have clear text structures: (a) cause and effect, (b) comparison and contrast, (c) description, (d) question and answer (e) simple listing, and (f) time order (Reutzel & Cooter, 2007).  


a.    Cause and effect presents how an event or fact brings about another event or result.
b.    Comparison and contrast analyzes similarities and differences among concepts and events.
c.    Description explains an idea or concept.
d.    Question and answer presents a problem with a solution.
e.    Simple listing arranges a group of facts, concepts, or events.
f.    Time order organizes information into a chronological sequence.


Expository texts contain more difficult vocabulary and concepts than narrative texts so prior exposure to the vocabulary is imperative. (See activities listed above and below).  

 

When readers happen upon information or words they have not learned, teachers must activate the student’s prior knowledge to relate the new information or words to previously acquired information or word knowledge.  Strategies to activate prior knowledge include:

Concept Map

K-W-L

Brainstorming

Graphic Organizer

  

Semantic mapping is a graphic display that shows clusters of related words.  Readers write down a key word or concept from their reading in the middle of a sheet, then add and connect linked information or terms from their prior knowledge.  Relating words to their existing knowledge is important (Vacca, J. L., Vocca, R. T., Gove, M. K., Burkey, L., Lenhart, L. A., & McKeon, C., 2003).  This facilitates readers to connect their old and new information, which requires them to activate their background knowledge and cognitive processes.  

Another approach for establishing vocabulary knowledge is making a “vocabulary card bank.”  On an index card, readers write a new word, its definition, and an original sentence using the new term (not just copying a sentence from a dictionary), as well as some pictures that can trigger them to remember the new vocabulary.  This gets the readers involved in relating new vocabulary to their existing knowledge.  In short, associating new terms with meaningful information is significant for readers to develop their vocabulary knowledge.

 

Additional suggestions to increase vocabulary, reading, and critical thinking skills:

 

Vocabulary Word Games

Learning Vocabulary Can Be Fun

Many Things Vocabulary

Fun Brain

9月25日

Georgia Outdoors Lessons

Georgia Outdoors- Education Website

 

Some of the most popular animals live in the ocean. Manatees, sea turtles, dolphins, sharks and whales capture our imaginations. Click on a link to find lesson plans, story starters, and activities for grades 2-7. You can also find useful links and places to visit.

 

Sea Creatures Lesson Plans
Sea Creatures Activities & Games
Sea Creatures Places To Visit
Sea Creatures Links

 

Come learn about the gopher tortoise and all of the animals that share its home. Also, find out about the different animals that live in the longleaf pine ecosystem. There are lesson plans and activities for third, fourth, and seventh grades.

 

Land Creatures Lesson Plans
Land Creatures Activities & Games
Land Creatures Places To Visit
Land Creatures Links

 

From the Red-Cockaded Woodpeckers in the longleaf pine forests to the vultures at Reed Bingham, explore the different birds found throughout the year in Georgia. Also, learn all about butterflies, including their exciting life cycle. Here, you will find activities and lesson plans for third and fourth grades.

Air Creatures Lesson Plans
Air Creatures Activities & Games
Air Creatures Places To Visit
Air Creatures Links

 

Have you ever seen the magnificence of the longleaf pine forest? Did you know that fire is good for this type of forest? What is the life cycle of a tree? Here you will find lessons and activities for grades 2-4.

Georgia Trees Lesson Plans
Georgia Trees Activities & Games
Georgia Trees Places To Visit
Georgia Trees Links

 

Georgia's plant life is amazingly vast. Learn about some of the more unique ones, like the confederate daisy and the diamorpha, as well as why exotic species are not a good idea to grow. Here you will find lesson plans and activities for grades one to four. 


 


Georgia Plants Lesson Plans
Georgia Plants Activities & Games
Georgia Plants Places To Visit
Georgia Plants Links


Did you know that lichens are not really plants, but actually two organisms from two totally different kingdoms growing together as one?


Georgia Lichens Activities & Games
Georgia Lichens Places To Visit

Georgia Lichens Links


Have you ever dug in your back yard? What did you find? Did you know that there are all kinds of things from hundreds of years ago underground and underwater right here in Georgia? Find out what some of the experts find when they start digging! Here you will find eighth grade lesson plans and more.


Archaeology in Georgia Lesson Plans
Archaeology in Georgia Activities & Games
Archaeology in Georgia Places To Visit
Archaeology in Georgia Links


 

Do you love to be outside? Are you a fan of nature? Check out this cool stuff about camping. Learn how to be a responsible camper and have lots of fun!

 

Camping in Georgia Activities & Games
Camping in Georgia Places To Visit
Camping in Georgia Links

 

Are you an angler? Or would you like to be? Here you will find math, science and reading activities and lesson plans for grades Kindergarten to fifth grade that will explore the fun of fishing.


Fishing Lesson Plans
Fishing Activities & Games
Fishing Places To Visit
Fishing in Georgia Links

 

 

 

 

 

9月16日

Diversity

On Speaking Up

To make the whole strong and unified, each part must be strong and supportive of the other parts. We are supportive of each other when we work to strengthen our own group--and when we speak up for groups other than our own when we see injustice and inequity. We learn to cooperate by recognizing and strengthening the interdependence that unites us. The following quotation, attributed to Martin Niemoeller (1892-1984), helps us see that we are all in this life together.

In Germany they came first for the Communists,
and I didn't speak up
because I wasn't a Communist.

Then they came for the Jews,
and I didn't speak up
because I wasn't a Jew.

Then they came for the trade
unionists, and I didn't speak up
because I wasn't a trade unionist.

Then they came for the Catholics,
and I didn't speak up
because I was a Protestant.

Then they came for me,
and by that time
no one was left to speak up.

 

Taking Action

When we come face to face with a difference that challenges our beliefs or values, we have a choice about how we respond. Carlos Casteneda offers the following guidance, inspired by his study of Don Juan Matus, a Mexican Yaqui Indian sorcerer.

 

Look at every path closely and deliberately.
Try it as many times as you think necessary.
Then ask yourself and yourself alone one question.
This question is one that only a very old man asks.
My benefactor told me about it once when I was young and my blood was too vigorous for me to understand it.
Now I do understand it. I will tell you what it is:
Does this path have a heart?
If it does, the path is good. If it doesn't it is of no use.

 

Inter-being and Understanding

Our existence is tied to the interconnectedness that holds us and everything else together. Thich Nhat Hanh, internationally recognized poet and peace activist, refers to this interconnectedness as "inter-being" (The Heart of Understanding, 1987). When we realize our inter-being and act mindfully on our awareness, we can be with others with an understanding heart.

"Inter-be"–it is not found in the dictionary yet, but I hope someday it will be.
To be means to inter-be because nothing can be by itself.

Everything has to inter-be with other things.
For example, the rose and the garbage inter-are.
Without the rose, there is no garbage.
Without the garbage, there is no rose.
Look deeply at the rose to see also the garbage.
 Look deeply at the garbage to see also the rose.
Each is as precious as the other.

 

Wholeness and Eachness

Jon Kabat-Zinn, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, has done extensive research on strategies for reducing violence and addictive and self-destructive behaviors. In his book, Wherever You Go, There You Are, he talks about similarities and differences.

 

All faces resemble each other, yet how easily we see in each

uniqueness, individuality, and identity.

 

How deeply we value these differences.

 

The ocean is a whole, but it has countless waves, everyone different from all the others; it has currents, each unique, ever-changing; the bottom is a landscape all its own, different everywhere; similarly the shoreline.

 

The atmosphere is whole, but its currents have unique signatures,

even though they are just wind.

 

Life on earth is a whole, yet it expresses itself in unique time-bound bodies, microscopic or visible, plant or animal, extinct or living.

 

So there can be no one place to be. There can be no one way to be, no one way to practice, no one way to learn, no one way to love, no one way to grow or heal, no one way to live; no one way to feel, no one thing to know or be known.

The particulars count.

 

Making Assumptions

We often have problems relating to people because we assume things about them based on the way they look, speak, or act. One of The Four Agreements, by Don Miguel Ruiz, is especially helpful in teaching us to learn from others and check our reactions to what we hear, see, and feel: Don't make assumptions. Ruiz explains:

 

Find the courage to ask questions and to express what you really want.

Communicate with others as clearly as you can to avoid misunderstandings, sadness, and drama. With just this one agreement, you can completely transform your life.

 

Ribbons and Rainbows

Langston Hughes (1902-1967) was one of the major writers in the Harlem Renaissance, breaking down many doors for future generations of African-American artists. During his lifetime, he created an enormous body of work, including novels, short stories, children's books, speeches, plays, and poems. This poem, "Little Song," published in Talking Like the Rain, speaks of diversity.

 

Carmencita loves Patrick.
Patrick loves Si Lan Chen.
Xenophon loves Mary Jane.
Hildegarde loves Ben.

Lucienne loves Eric.
Giovanni loves Emma Lee.
Natasha loves Miguelito--
And Miguelito loves me.

Ring around the Maypole!
Ring around we go--
Weaving our bright ribbons
Into a rainbow!
 

9月12日

Learnoutloud.com

The Road Less Traveled

...Robert Frost
http://www.learnoutloud.com/audiobooks/RoadLessTraveled.mp3

Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,
And sorry I could not travel both
And be one traveller, long I stood
And looked down one as far as I could
To where it bent in the undergrowth;

Then took the other, as just as fair,
And having perhaps the better claim,
Because it was grassy and wanted wear;
Though as for that the passing there
Had worn them really about the same,

And both that morning equally lay
In leaves no step had trodden black.
Oh, I kept the first for another day!
Yet knowing how way leads on to way,
I doubted if I should ever come back.

I shall be telling this with a sigh
Somewhere ages and ages hence:
Two roads diverged in a wood, and I--
I took the one less traveled by,
And that has made all the difference

 

IF

Rudyard Kipling
http://www.learnoutloud.com/podcaststream/listen.php?url=http://www.learnoutloud.com/audiobooks/If.mp3&all=15422&title=If

 

 

IF you can keep your head when all about you
Are losing theirs and blaming it on you,
If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you,
But make allowance for their doubting too;
If you can wait and not be tired by waiting,
Or being lied about, don't deal in lies,
Or being hated, don't give way to hating,
And yet don't look too good, nor talk too wise:

If you can dream - and not make dreams your master;
If you can think - and not make thoughts your aim;
If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster
And treat those two impostors just the same;
If you can bear to hear the truth you've spoken
Twisted by knaves to make a trap for fools,
Or watch the things you gave your life to, broken,
And stoop and build 'em up with worn-out tools:

If you can make one heap of all your winnings
And risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss,
And lose, and start again at your beginnings
And never breathe a word about your loss;
If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew
To serve your turn long after they are gone,
And so hold on when there is nothing in you
Except the Will which says to them: 'Hold on!'

If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue,
' Or walk with Kings - nor lose the common touch,
if neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you,
If all men count with you, but none too much;
If you can fill the unforgiving minute
With sixty seconds' worth of distance run,
Yours is the Earth and everything that's in it,
And - which is more - you'll be a Man, my son!

 

Prayer of St. Francis

http://www.learnoutloud.com/audiobooks/SaintFrancis.mp3

 

Lord, make me an instrument of your peace.
Where there is Hatred, let me sow Love.
Where there is Injury, Pardon.
Where there is Doubt, Faith.
Where there is Despair, Hope.
Where there is Darkness, Light, and
Where there is Sadness, Joy.

O Divine Master,
Grant that I may not so much
seek to be consoled as to console;
To be understood, as to understand;
To be loved, as to love;
For it is in giving that we receive,
It is in pardoning that we are pardoned,
And it is in dying that we are born to Eternal Life.

 

9月2日

Reading

I have been on a personal but professional journey this last month. I decided to disconnect my Television and seek to enjoy classic books & movies. I had found myself watching to much mindless T.V and using it as an activity to disengage my mind.  

 

I began with The Pearl by John Steinbeck . It is a legend that tells of an Indian pearl diver who cannot afford a doctor for his son's scorpion sting. In this anxious state, he finds The Pearl of the World and is able to get medical help for his boy. Calculating the profit from the gem, the diver dreams of a better life—a grand wedding, clothes, guns, and an education for the boy. But his dream of leaving his socio-economic station leads to ruin. It was my first novel and video. The video ending is different than the novel but could lead to alternative ending lessons. I found these lesson plans on this website an excellent source for teaching this classic folk story.

 

My second choice was To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. The setting is a small town in Alabama in the 1930s .Racial prejudice and adult injustice is the classic theme. The Student’s Survival Guide and lesson plans from The Library of Congress are great follow ups.

 

This week choices are All Quiet on the Western Front  by Erich Maria Remarque. It is set in WW1 and tells the story of a young German sent to fight in the trenches. Discovery has some great lesson for this historical story My second choice for this week is The Good Earth by Pearl S. Buck. This Pulitzer Prize winner video follows Wang Lung’s family from their early struggles to live off the land to their final disintegration as they move to the city. The lesson plans by Web English Teacher are excellent.

 

For the future, I plan on reading and watching Moby Dick  by Herman Melville.  Captain Ahab’s obsessive struggle to defeat Moby Dick, the great white whale who maimed him, is the focus of this masterpiece. The lesson plans for these can also be found on the Discovery website. There are also great video clips & follow up on the United Streaming website.  I also want to rent & reread  The Red Badge of Courage by Stephen Crane. It was one of that I remember as a student. It is a story told through the eyes of  Henry Fleming, a young Civil War soldier, he enables us to see the fears of battle and the inexplicable courage that comes from the soldiers. The National Endowment for the Humanities has a website with lesson plans.


For entertainment pleasure I bought the DVD Harvey by Mary Chase. This was one of the first plays I remembered as a child.  I remember wanting a Pooka as my best friend. I am hoping it will come back around as a play in my area. I also have been watching a 1950’s series of TV shows about Sherlock Holmes. I have watched all 39 episodes and plan to re-watch them again. One of the classic detective stories is the The Red-headed League. There are numerous lesson plans but one of my favorites is on  MysteryNet.com.

 

I am following the The Big Read  website.  It is an initiative of the National Endowment for the Arts, designed to restore reading to the center of American culture. The NEA presents The Big Read in partnership with the Institute of Museum and Library Services and in cooperation with Arts Midwest. The Big Read brings together partners across the country to encourage reading for pleasure and enlightenment.

 

Other resources are:

 

Classic Short Stories  that has Rudyard Kipling’s , Rikki-Tikki-Tavi from The Jungle Book, It is the  story of Rikki, a fearless young mongoose who develops a very special bond with a boy named Teddy and these lesson plans can assist teachers.

 

Lesson Plans and Resources for Adolescent  and Young Adult Literature is a  site that  contains links to lesson plans and resources for adolescent and young adult (grades 7-12) literature, including short stories, mysteries, and English literature.

 

Two others that I refer to frequently are:

Jan Brett’s website.

BookPals Storyline Onlne